Presents the weight of the evidence on health effects of environmental tobacco smoke (also called secondhand smoke), including reproductive, respiratory, and cardiovascular system effects, as well as pre- and post-natal manifestations and cancer. Exposure measurement and prevalence is also summarized.
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Suggested Citation
National Cancer Institute. Health Effects of Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke. Tobacco Control Monograph No. 10. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute. NIH Pub. No. 99-4645, August 1999.
View Individual Chapters
Chapters and key topics covered within each chapter are listed below. Chapters generally include an introductory section, details on methodology, a chapter summary, research needs, and a reference list.
- Preface (PDF, 32 KB)
- Authors and Acknowledgments (PDF, 32 KB)
- Contents (PDF, 32 KB)
- Executive Summary (PDF, 2.5 MB)
- Chapter 1. Introduction (PDF, 96 KB)
- Impact of ETS on the Health of Californians
- Organization of the Report
- Definition of ETS
- Methodology
- Weight-of-Evidence Evaluations References
- Chapter 2. Exposure Measurement and Prevalence (PDF, 352 KB)
- Properties of ETS and Its Constituents
- Exposure Measurement: ETS Concentrations in Indoor Environments
- Exposure Measurement: Biological Markers
- Exposure Measurement: Use of Questionnaires
- Exposure Prevalence and Determinants
- Chapter 3. Developmental Toxicity I: Perinatal Manifestations (PDF, 256 KB)
- Fetal Growth
- Spontaneous Abortion and Perinatal Mortality
- Congenital Malformations
- Chapter 4. Developmental Toxicity II: Postnatal Manifestations (PDF, 192 KB)
- Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
- Cognition and Behavior in Children
- Postnatal Physical Development
- Respiratory Development and Function
- Chapter 5. Reproductive Effects (PDF, 96 KB)
- Female Fertility and Fecundability
- Other Female Reproductive Effects
- Male Reproductive Toxicity
- Chapter 6. Respiratory Health Effects (PDF, 352 KB)
- Acute Health Effects
- Chronic Health Effects
- Susceptible Populations
- Chapter 7. Carcinogenic Effects (PDF, 320 KB)
- All Cancers (combined)
- ETS and Lung Cancer
- ETS and Cancer Sites Other Than Lung that are Associated with Active Smoking: Nasal Sinus, Cervical and Bladder
- ETS and Cancer Sites Where Evidence for the Role of Active Smoking is Equivocal
- Chapter 8. Cardiovascular Effects (PDF, 256 KB)
- Description of Epidemiologic Studies
- Discussion of Epidemiologic Studies
- Other Supportive Evidence