National Standards for Cancer Survivorship Care

The National Cancer Institute (NCI), in partnership with the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and other Health and Human Services Agencies, led a consensus-building process with subject matter experts to develop the National Standards for Cancer Survivorship Care. This collaboration defined standards for (1) essential health system policy and process components of survivorship care programs; and (2) evaluation of the quality of survivorship care. The effort was undertaken as part of the Biden Cancer Moonshot, President Biden’s whole of government response to accelerate progress against cancer and end cancer as we know it, and the President’s Cancer Cabinet.

This project was co-chaired by Michelle Mollica, PhD, MPH, RN, OCN, deputy director of the National Cancer Institute Office of Cancer Survivorship (OCS); Gina McWhirter, MBA, MSN, RN, director of National TeleOncology at the VA; and Vida Passero, MD, MBA, chief medical officer of National TeleOncology at the VA.

Background

Cancer survivors have unique needs. Many survivors experience physical and psychosocial symptoms during and long after their treatment has ended. In addition, they are at risk for recurrence of their cancer and subsequent cancers, and often need support to promote healthy behaviors (e.g., avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol use, and increasing physical activity). As a result, most survivors require long-term follow-up care to manage their diverse needs.

Survivorship care is complex and multifaceted and includes prevention and detection of recurrence and new cancers, monitoring and amelioration of symptoms related to cancer and its treatment, and management of chronic conditions. These components of care necessitate coordination, often among multiple providers. Though recommendations and long-term follow-up guidelines do exist for some cancers (e.g., breast, colorectal, head and neck, and childhood cancers), the delivery of survivorship care, including who delivers the care (e.g., oncologist, primary care provider, or other healthcare provider) and what care is delivered, varies widely based on care setting, geographical area, and personal resources. In some cases, survivors receive long-term follow-up care delivered by their oncologist, which is not sustainable nor appropriate for many survivors, given the overburdened workforce. Other survivors may receive follow-up care from their primary care provider, which also has challenges, including the fact that providers often do not have actionable information on diagnosis, treatment history, or recommendations for follow-up care.

Current survivorship care for many people is suboptimal, leaving survivors with persistent symptoms, unmet needs, and lack of access to comprehensive survivorship care. Overall, the lack of a national standard for cancer survivorship care has impeded research and clinical care, especially related to supporting reimbursement, measuring care quality, and ensuring equitable care for all survivors. These and other factors led to a pressing need to define a national standard for quality survivorship care in the United States.

Announcement of the National Standards for Cancer Survivorship Care

In spring 2024, NCI and other Health and Human Services agencies announced the National Standards for Cancer Survivorship Care. This announcement coincided with this published article in the Journal of Cancer Survivorship: Developing National Cancer Survivorship Standards to Inform Quality of Care in the United States Using a Consensus Approach.

Cancer survivorship care standards represent recommendations for health systems to apply to the survivors they serve. These new standards can be utilized to assess the quality of existing survivorship care and to guide the development of new programs.

Funding Opportunity

NOT-CA-24-041: Notice of Special Interest (NOSI): Administrative Supplements for Assessing and Enhancing Survivorship Care

In March 2024, the NCI Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS) announced a Notice of Special Interest (NOSI) to encourage current grant or cooperative agreement awardees to apply for administrative supplement funds to support research with an overall goal of examining and improving survivorship care to align with the recently developed National Standards for Cancer Survivorship Care.

Funded supplement awards will assess alignment of these standards with an existing survivorship program within a healthcare system or center; evaluate the extent to which the survivorship program is available and utilized by survivors; characterize barriers and facilitators to accessing survivorship care; and identify gap areas for future development.

The expiration date for this funding opportunity was June 5, 2024.

Process to Develop Standards

A list of potential indicators was developed through a comprehensive review of survivorship and cancer-specific guidelines, the Commission on Cancer survivorship standard, existing survivorship quality frameworks, U.S. state cancer control plans, and relevant literature. NCI and VA held three iterative, virtual meetings with survivorship subject matter experts to prioritize the most important and feasible indicators and identify additional indicators; input was also solicited from meeting observers. The final set of indicators was then developed. The National Standards for Cancer Survivorship Care are available on the NCI OCS website for health systems and organizations to assess survivorship care quality and align current and future survivorship services.

Key Definitions

Cancer survivor: any individual from the time of a cancer diagnosis through the balance of life
Health system policy: principles and procedures guiding an organization’s capacity and structure to provide survivorship care
Health system process: an organization’s capacity to deliver survivorship care through its embedded practices and procedures
Assessment/evaluation: measurement of the impacts of survivorship care within an organization

Meeting Recordings and Executive Summary

Crosswalk of health system policies, processes, and evaluation and assessments.
Health System Policy The organization has a policy that includes...	Health System Processes Cancer survivors are...	Health System Evaluation/Assessment The organization has a process to collect data on...
establishment or existence of a survivorship program either on-site, through telehealth, or by referral	provided with access and referral to a survivorship program that addresses the needs of cancer survivors either on-site, through telehealth, or by referral	survivors’ patient-reported outcomes, including quality of life, and experiences of survivorship care
a framework for the provision of survivorship care informed by survivor stakeholders and relevant survivorship guidelines (e.g., American Society of Clinical Oncology, National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Children’s Oncology Group)	assessed at multiple points in their follow-up care for physical effects during and following cancer treatment, including monitoring for late effects and chronic conditions, and provided with treatment and/or referrals	survivors' functional capacity
a description of multidisciplinary care, including each team member's specific roles and responsibilities and workflow(s) for referrals to team members	provided with access to appropriate specialty care services to manage potential late effects (e.g., cardiovascular issues) either on-site, through telehealth, or by referral	survivors' return to previous participation in paid and unpaid work/ school/ productive activities of living
an overview of how to stratify and refer survivors to appropriate models of care based on age, treatments, and risk factors	assessed at multiple points in their follow-up care for emotional and psychological effects of cancer and its treatment and provided with treatment and/or referrals	survival rates (1, 5, and 10-yr) from the time of diagnosis
description of the approach and timing of transitions in survivorship care and shared care (e.g., pediatric to adult providers and settings, oncology team to survivorship team and/or primary care) and efforts to prevent/mitigate loss to follow-up care	assessed for practical and social effects of cancer and its treatment (e.g., social risks, health-related social needs, education and employment/return to work or school) and provided with resources and/or referrals	rate of recurrence
an outline for the provision of information for support services (e.g., navigators, social work, interpreters) for survivors based on their needs (including but not limited to health, insurance, and financial literacy, disability status), including survivors from diverse and underserved backgrounds	assessed for their risk of recurrence or new cancers, including family history and genetic testing, and provided with recommendations and referrals regarding surveillance for recurrence or new cancers	rate of subsequent cancers
identification of an executive-level survivorship care lead (with succession plan) whose role is to ensure compliance with standards, with reporting to an appropriate executive committee	assessed for lifestyle behaviors and provided with recommended strategies for management and appropriate referrals or education as needed (e.g., smoking cessation, diet/nutrition counseling, promoting physical activity)	number and relevant characteristics (demographics, clinical factors) of survivors lost to follow-up
collection of longitudinal data on survivors' experience of survivorship care and patient-reported outcomes	provided with access and referrals to appropriate supportive health services (e.g., nutrition, occupational and physical therapy, rehabilitation, sexual health, fertility services, dental and podiatry services)	caregivers' experiences and unmet needs
requirements and methods for training healthcare providers (either on-site or through an external training program) to deliver survivorship care within their scope of practice	assessed for financial hardship/toxicity and concerns regarding insurance coverage, and provided with resources and support as needed	number of health professionals trained to provide survivorship care
a business case/plan, including budget, with funding allocated for survivorship care	engaged in the care planning process including discussion of shared goals of care, advanced care planning, and coordination of care with providers and services (e.g., primary care provider, other health professionals, and community-based services) as needed	relevant business metrics to show return on investment of survivorship care to the healthcare system (e.g., healthcare utilization, rate of referrals and completion, downstream revenue)

National Standards for Cancer Survivorship Care Table

Co-Chairs

Michelle Mollica, PhD, MPH, RN, OCN
Deputy Director, Office of Cancer Survivorship
National Cancer Institute
Gina McWhirter, MBA, MSN, RN
Director, National TeleOncology
US Department of Veterans Affairs
Vida Passero, MD, MBA
Chief Medical Officer, National TeleOncology
US Department of Veterans Affairs

Last Updated

June 13, 2024

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National Standards for Cancer Survivorship Care

Background

Announcement of the National Standards for Cancer Survivorship Care

Funding Opportunity

Process to Develop Standards

Key Definitions

Meeting Recordings and Executive Summary

National Standards for Cancer Survivorship Care

Co-Chairs

Office of Cancer Survivorship

DCCPS

Cancer.gov