Monograph 7 The FTC Cigarette Test Method for Determining Tar, Nicotine, and Carbon Monoxide Yields of U.S. Cigarettes

• Foreword (PDF, 393 KB)
• Acknowledgments (PDF, 488 KB)
• Contents (PDF, 222 KB)

Section I

• Chapter 1. Cigarette Testing and the Federal Trade Commission: A Historical Overview (PDF, 596 KB)
  • Question-and-Answer Session
• Chapter 2. Review of the Federal Trade Commission Method for Determining Cigarette Tar and Nicotine Yield (PDF, 427 KB)
  • Question-and-Answer Session
• Chapter 3. Changes in Cigarette Design and Composition Over Time and How They Influence the Yields of Smoke Constituents (PDF, 1.3 MB)
  • Background
  • Changes in Cigarette Design and Composition
  • Question-and-Answer Session
  • Acknowledgments
• Chapter 4. Attitudes, Knowledge, and Beliefs About Low-Yield Cigarettes Among Adolescents and Adults (PDF, 1.6 MB)
  • Monitoring National Data
  • Survey Findings
  • Health Beliefs and Switching
  • Quitting Smoking
  • Discussion
  • Question-and-Answer Session
• Chapter 5. Cigarette Smoke Components and Disease: Cigarette Smoke Is More Thana Triad of Tar, Nicotine, and Carbon Monoxide (PDF, 1.2 MB)
  • Mainstream Vs. Sidestream Cigarette Smoke
  • Major Health Effects of Cigarette Smoke
  • Cancer
  • Noncancerous Lung Disease
  • Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases
  • Cigarette Smoking and Human Reproduction
  • Absolute Risk Vs. Relative Risk
  • Tar, Nicotine, Carbon Monoxide, and Other Smoke Constituents
  • Smoke Constituents, Cigarette-Related Disease, and Modified Labeling of Cigarettes
  • Question-and-Answer Session
  • Acknowledgment
• Chapter 6. The Changing Cigarette and Disease Risk: Current Status of the Evidence (PDF, 1 MB)
  • Epidemiologic Evidence on the Changing Cigarette and Disease Risks
  • Conclusions
  • Question-and-Answer Session
• Chapter 7. Biomarkers of Cigarette Smoking (PDF, 1 MB)
  • Use of Various Biomarkers
  • Nicotine Absorption From Cigarettes
  • Nicotine Content of Tobacco Vs. FTC Yield
  • Quantitating Nicotine Intake in Smokers
  • Cotinine Levels and Nicotine Intake
  • Ultralow-Yield Cigarettes
  • Nicotine Intake and Machine-Determined Yield
  • Carbon Monoxide and FTC Yield
  • Tar-to-Nicotine Ration
  • Conclusions
  • Question-and-Answer Session
  • Acknowledgment
• Chapter 8. Pharmacology and Markers: Nicotine Pharmacology and Addictive Effects (PDF, 1 MB)
  • Cigarette Smoking as Drug Dependence
  • Nicotine Delivery Systems
  • Nicotine's Effects
  • Smoking and Nicotine Dose
  • A Proposal for More Meaningful Cigarette Labeling
  • Question-and-Answer Session
• Chapter 9. Consumer/Smoker Perceptions of Federal Trade Commission Tar Ratings (PDF, 519 KB)
  • Tar Level of Cigarettes
  • Knowledge of Advertised Tar Numbers
  • Smokers’ Interpretations of Tar Numbers
  • Smokers’ Use of Advertised Tar Numbers
  • Conclusions
  • Question-and-Answer Session
• Chapter 10. Sensitivity of the Federal Trade Commission Test Method to Analytical Parameters (PDF, 822 KB)
  • Standard Machine Smoking
  • Influence of Smoking Parameters
  • Influence of Human Smoking Practices
  • Conclusions
  • Question-and-Answer Session
  • Acknowledgment
• Chapter 11. Human Smoking Patterns (PDF, 751 KB)
  • How Do Humans Smoke?
  • Which Human Smoking Behaviors Determine Smoke Exposure?
  • Are Human Smoking Patterns Dynamic or Static?
  • Does the FTC Mthod Accurately Reflect Human Smoking Patterns
  • Summary
  • Question-and-Answer Session
• Chapter 12. Compensation for Nicotine by Smokers of Lower Yield Cigarettes (PDF, 792 KB)
  • Background
  • Cigarette Brand Switching in Experimental Research
  • Research
  • One Repeated-Measures Study of Self-Selected Brand Switching
  • Smokers Can Get High Yields From the Lowest of the Low-Yield Cigarettes: More on the Issue of Vent Blocking
  • Graphic Information on Tar and Nicotine Yields: The Color-Matching Technique
  • Summary
  • Question-and-Answer Session
• Chapter 13. Cigarette Design Technologies Reduce Smoke Yield and Expand Consumer Choices: The Role and Utility ofthe FTC Test Method (PDF, 1.3 MB)
  • Background
  • Cigarette Design and Changes in the Cigarette Market
  • Utility of the FTC Test Method
  • Question-and-Answer Session

Section II

• Transcript of Second-DayDiscussion (PDF, 3 MB)

Section III

• Recommendations and Findings (PDF, 656 KB)

Section IV

• Overview of 1980 to 1994 Research Related to the Standard Federal Trade Commission Test Method for Cigarettes (PDF, 1.6MB)
  • Paramets of the FTC Test Method and Current Smoking Patterns
  • Impact of Changing Parameters of the FTC Test Method on Absolute Yields of a Cigarette Brand and Relative Yields on Different Brands
  • Tar and Nicotine Yield by the FTC Test Method and Amounts Delivered to Smoker
  • Relative Yields of Differents Brands by the FTC Test Method and Amount of Nicotine Absorbed by Smokers
  • Yield by the FTC Test Method and Absorption of Nicotine in Switchers
  • Yields by the FTC Test Method and Other Constituents Using the FTC Puff Profile
  • Proposals To Change the FTC Test Method